What is the most common congenital defect in dogs?

The most common congenital defects in dogs include:

1. Hip Dysplasia: A hereditary condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit into the hip socket properly, leading to arthritis and pain.

2. Patellar Luxation: This occurs when the kneecap dislocates or moves out of its normal location, often seen in small breeds.

3. Congenital Heart Defects: Various heart conditions can affect dogs, such as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and ventricular septal defects (VSD), impacting blood flow and heart function.

4. Elbow Dysplasia: Similar to hip dysplasia, this is a growth abnormality in the elbow joint that can lead to arthritis and pain.

5. Spina Bifida: A birth defect where the spinal column does not close completely, potentially causing neurological issues.

6. Cleft Palate: This occurs when a puppy’s mouth does not form properly, resulting in a gap in the palate, which can lead to feeding difficulties.

7. Eye Abnormalities: Conditions such as cataracts and retinal dysplasia can occur congenitally, affecting vision.

These defects can vary in severity and may require different management strategies, from surgical intervention to supportive care. Regular veterinary check-ups can help in early detection and treatment.